Section XI
Performance Evaluation
Quantitative Results Across All Subsystems
Ring0 achieves order-of-magnitude improvements across every measurable dimension: 2,929× fewer ZK constraints (MLE-DB), 3,506× FHE speedup (HSS-CoFHE), >1.1M TPS (FAFO), and validator costs below $1M/year versus Ethereum's >$50M/year. All benchmarks are reproducible on commodity hardware.
XI.system-summary
System-Level Summary
Headline metrics across the Ring0 stack.
2,929×
Constraint Reduction
3,506×
FHE Speedup
>1.1M
TPS
<$1M/yr
Validator Cost
XI.mle-db-perf
MLE-DB Microbenchmarks
Measured on commodity NVMe hardware.
| Operation | Latency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Point mutation | 5-7 ns | Single leaf update in state |
| CoCuckoo lookup | 47-88 ns | Key-value lookup with cache-optimized access |
| CRUD read | 21-24 ns | Full state read via native evaluation |
| Non-inclusion witness | 23 ns | Proof of key absence |
XI.arithmetic-perf
Arithmetic Performance
Native 64-bit arithmetic enables significant SIMD acceleration.
| Configuration | Latency | Speedup |
|---|---|---|
| Scalar operations | ~2.4 μs | 1× (baseline) |
| SIMD-accelerated (AVX-512) | ~0.3-0.5 μs | 5-7× speedup |
| Privacy layer (per gate) | 3.2 μs | 3,506× vs initial design |
XI.constraint-comparison
ZK Constraint Comparison
Constraint counts for state access proofs at scale.
| Approach | Relative Constraints | Factor |
|---|---|---|
| Merkle-hash (prior art) | Baseline | 1× |
| MLE-DB (Ring0) | 2,929× fewer | Orders of magnitude reduction |