Section X
Security Analysis
127-Bit Composed Soundness Across All Subsystems
Ring0 achieves 127-bit composed soundness — meaning every subsystem independently meets or exceeds this security threshold, and the combined system remains secure even when all components are considered together. Zero-knowledge is maintained through two-layer masking with negligible statistical leakage.
X.soundness-budget
Composed Security
Ring0's total security is composed from three independent components: ZK proving, commitment security, and authentication. Each component contributes independently to the overall soundness guarantee. Even the weakest component exceeds 127-bit security, ensuring the composed system meets this threshold.
127-bit
Composed Soundness
128-bit
Hash Security
No Setup
Trusted Setup
Verified
Formal Proof
X.zero-knowledge
Zero-Knowledge Guarantees
Ring0 achieves zero-knowledge through two complementary masking techniques that ensure proofs reveal nothing beyond their validity. Dense computations and sparse computations each use specialized masking approaches optimized for their structure. The combined statistical distance between real and simulated proof transcripts is negligible — an observer cannot distinguish a real proof interaction from a simulated one.
X.network-security-analysis
Network Security
RLNC introduces a unique attack vector: pollution attacks where malicious nodes inject invalid coded shards that corrupt decoding at receivers. Ring0 defends against this via source authentication: each shard carries a hash of the original data and a signature from the block producer. Invalid shards are detected immediately upon receipt and the sender's reputation score is decremented. Persistent misbehavior triggers mesh pruning — the malicious peer is removed from the gossip topology.
X.privacy-security
Privacy Security Model
HSS-CoFHE's security rests on standard, well-studied cryptographic assumptions. The production protocol combines lattice-based encryption (for data protection) with efficient correlation generation (for MPC preprocessing). The system achieves UC-composable security with threshold decryption — corrupting fewer than t servers reveals nothing about plaintext data. This is the strongest standard of security available for multi-party protocols.